Spectrum analysis was done through Artificial Noise Addition (ANA) in conjunction with different deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) to classify the seven abnormal respiratory sounds-both continuous (CAS) and discontinuous (DAS). In this research, we have applied Fourier analysis for the visual inspection of abnormal respiratory sounds. ![]() Lung disease is the third most ordinary cause of death worldwide, so it is essential to classify the RS abnormality accurately to overcome the death rate. A couple of decades back, doctors depended on their hearing to distinguish symptomatic signs in lung audios by utilizing the typical stethoscope, which is usually considered a cheap and secure method for examining the patients. Respiratory sound (RS) attributes and their analyses structure a fundamental piece of pneumonic pathology, and it gives symptomatic data regarding a patient's lung. ![]() 5Department of Computer and Network Engineering, College of Information Technology, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.4Cloud Computing and Applications Reseach Lab, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.3Centre for Smart Systems, AI and Cybersecurity, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.2Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Information Technology at Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.1Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.(n.d.).Rizwana Zulfiqar 1 Fiaz Majeed 1 Rizwana Irfan 2 Hafiz Tayyab Rauf 3 Elhadj Benkhelifa 4 Abdelkader Nasreddine Belkacem 5 * Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Inspiratory crackles - early and late - revisited: Identifying COPD by crackle characteristics. Lung conditions - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Global strategy for prevention, diagnosis and management of COPD: 2023 report.Diagnosis and treatment of early chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Hamman’s crunch: A forgotten clue to the diagnosis of spontaneous pneumomediastinum. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. It can increase the amount of oxygen available to your lungs and your body. Supplemental oxygen is delivered using nose prongs or a mask. Supplemental oxygen: It can be hard to get enough oxygen from the air if your lungs aren’t working optimally.These medications can help thin out that mucus, making breathing easier. Mucolytics: COPD can cause excess mucus in your lungs.They can help bring down inflammation in the lungs and reduce COPD flares. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors: These medications are taken orally.Corticosteroids: You can take these medications orally or through an inhaler.You then wear a mask or mouthpiece to breathe in the medication. Nebulizers: For people who are unable to use an inhaler, a nebulizer turns medication into a fine mist.These medications may be short- or long-acting, providing quick relief or helping prevent symptoms. ![]()
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